Silage production and utilisation : proceedings of the XIVth International Silage Conference, a satellite workshop of the XXth International Grasslad Congress, July 2005, Belfast, Northern Ireland

Foreword 7; Keynote presentations 17; An overview of silage production and utilisation in Ireland (1950-2005) 19; C.S. Mayne and P. O'Kiely; Grass silage: factors affecting efficiency of N utilisation in milk production 35; P. Huhtanen and K.J. Shingfield; Recent developments in feeding beef cattle on grass silage-based diets 51; M. McGee; Ensiled maize and whole crop wheat forages for beef and dairy cattle: effects on animal performance 65; T.W.J. Keady; Update on technologies for producing and feeding silage 83; P.D. Forristal and P. O'Kiely; Silage production from tropical forages 97; L.G. Nussio; Recent developments in methods to characterise the chemical and biological parameters of grass silage 109; R.S. Park, R.E. Agnew and M.G. Porter; Advances in silage quality in the 21st Century 121; D.R. Davies, M.K. Theodorou, A.H. Kingston-Smith and R.J. Merry; Section 1: A. Effect of conserved feeds on milk production 135; The effect of grass silage chop length on dairy cow performance 137; A.T. Randby; Whole crop silage from barley fed in combination with red clover silage to dairy cows 138; J. Bertilsson and M. Knicky; Responses to grass or red clover silages cut at two stages of growth in dairy cows 139; A. Vanhatalo, K. Kuoppala, S. Ahvenjarvi and M. Rinne; The effect of chop length and additive on silage intake and milk production in cows 140; V. Toivonen and T. Heikkila; Effect of supplementing grass silage with incremental levels of water soluble carbohydrate on in vitro rumen microbial growth and N use efficiency 141; D.R. Davies, D.K. Leemans and R.J. Merry; Effects of access time to feed and sodium bicarbonate in cows given different silages 142; T. Heikkila and V. Toivonen; Dairy cow performance associated with two contrasting silage feeding systems 143; C.P. Ferris, D.C. Patterson, R.C. Binnie and J.P. Frost; Pea-barley bi-crop silage in milk production 144; M. Tuori, P. Pursiainen, A.-R. Leinonen and V. Karp; Conjugated linoleic acid content of milk from cows fed different diets 145; E. Staszak and J. Mikolajczak; Feeding with badly preserved silages and occurrence of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows 146; F. Vicente, B. de la Roza, A. Argamenteria, M.L. Rodriguez and M. Pelaez; Modelling contamination of raw milk with butyric acid bacteria spores 147; M.M.M. Vissers, F. Driehuis, P. de Jong, M.C. te Giffel and J.M.G. Lankveld; Use of a dairy whole farm nutrient balance education tool to teach the importance of forages in the context of nutrient management concepts at the whole-farm level 148; J.H. Harrison and T.D. Nennich; Feeding mixed grass-clover silages with elevated sugar contents to dairy cows 149; J. Bertilsson. Section 1: B. Effect of conserved feeds on meat production 151; An evaluation of grain processing and storage method, and feed leel on the performance and meat quality of beef cattle offered two contrasting grass silages 153; T.W.J. Keady, F.O. Lively and D.J. Kilpatrick; Nutritive value for finishing beef steers of wheat grain conserved by different techniques 154; P. Stacey, P. O'Kiely, A.P. Moloney and F.P. O'Mara; Effect of feeding red clover, lucerne and kale silage on the voluntary intake and liveweight gain of growing lambs 155; R. Fychan, C.L. Marley, M.D. Fraser and R. Jones; The effects of alfalfa silage harvesting systems on dry matter intake of Friesland dairy ewes in late pregnancy 156; H.F. Elizalde; Replacement of maize/soybean meal concentrate by high moisture maize grain plus wholeseed soybean silage for cattle 157; C.C. Jobim, A.F. Branco, V.F. Gai and U. Cecato; Effect of additive treatment on meat quality 158; V. Vrotniakiene and J. Jatkauskas; Blood meat as a source of histidine for cattle fed grass silage and barley 159; R. Berthiaume and C. Lafreniere; An evaluation of the inclusion of alternative forages with grass silage-based diets on carcass composition and meat quality of beef cattle offered two contrasting grass silages 160; T.W.J. Keady, F.O. Lively, D.J. Kilpatrick and B.W. Moss; Section 2: Alternative forages 161; Effects of feeding legume silage with differing tannin levels on lactating dairy cattle 163; U.C. Hymes Fecht, G.A. Broderick and R.E. Muck; NDF digestion in dairy cows fed grass or red clover silages cut at two stages of growth 164; K. Kuoppala, S. Ahvenjarvi, M. Rinne and A. Vanhatalo; The effects of maize and whole crop wheat silages and quality of grass silage on the performance of lactating dairy cows 165; D.C. Patterson and D.J. Kilpatrick; The feeding value of conserved whole-crop wheat and forage maize relative to grass silage and ad-libitum concentrates for beef cattle 166; K. Walsh, P. O'Kiely and F. O'Mara; Sustained aerobic stability of by-products silage stored as a total mixed ration 167; N. Nishino, H. Hattori and H. Wada; Evaluation of narrow-row forage maize in field-scale studies 168; W.J. Cox, J.H. Cherney and D.J.R. Cherney; Ensiling safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) as an alternative winter forage crop in Israel 169; Z.G. Weinberg, S.Y. Landau, A. Bar-Tal, Y. Chen, M. Gamburg, S. Brener and L. Devash; Effect of variety and species on the chemical composition of Lotus when ensiled 170; C.L. Marley, R. Fychan and R. Jones; Effect of additives at harvest on the digestibility in lambs of whole crop barley or wheat silage 171; S. Muhonen, I. Olsson and P. Lingvall; Effects of varying dietary ratios of lucerne to maize silage on production and microbial protein synthesis in lactating dairy cows 172; G.A. Broderick and A.F. Brito; Effects of two different chopping lengths of maize silage on silage quality and dairy performance 173; K. Mahlkow and J. Thaysen; Use of silage additives in ensiling of whole-crop barley and wheat - A comparison of round big bales and precision chopped silages 174; M. Knicky and P. Lingvall; Cob development in forage maize: influence of harvest date, cultivar and plastic mulch 175; E.M. Little, P. O'Kiely, J.C. Crowley and G.P. Keane; Yield and composition of forage maize: interaction of harvest date, cultivar and plastic mulch 176; E.M. Little, P. O'Kiely, J.C. Crowley and G.P. Keane. Parameters of ensiled maize with biological and chemical additives 177; J. Grajewsk, A. Potkanski, K. Raczkowska-Werwinska, M. Twaruzek and B. Miklaszewska; Ensiling of tannin-containing sorghum grain 178; E.M. Ott, Y. Acosta Aragon and M. Gabel; Fermentation characteristics of maize/sesbania bi-crop silage 179; M. Kondo, J. Yanagisawa, K. Kita and H. Yokota; The influence of crop maturity and type of baler on whole crop barley silage production 180; P. Lingvall, M. Knicky, B. Frank, B. Rustas and J. Wallsten; Effect of stage of maturity on the nutrient content of alfalfa 181; Y. Tyrolova and A. Vyborna; Field beans and spring wheat as whole crop silage: yield, chemical composition and fermentation characteristics 182; L. Ericson, K. Arvidsson and K. Martinsson; Utilisation of whole-crop pea silages differing in condensed tannin content as a replacement for soya bean meal in the diet of dairy cows 183; K.J. Hart, R.G. Wilkinson, L.A. Sinclair and J.A. Huntington; Ensiled high moisture barley or dry barley in the grass silage-based diet of dairy cows 184; S. Jaakkola, E. Saarisalo and R. Kangasniemi; Effects of species, maturity and additive on the feed quality of whole crop cereal silage 185; E. Nadeau; Comparison of different maize hybrids cultivated and fermented with or without sorghum 186; Sz. Orosz, Z. Bellus, Zs. Kelemen, E. Zerenyi and J. Helembai; Utilisation of coffee grounds for total mixed ration silage 187; C. Xu, Y. Cai, N. Hino, N. Yoshida and M. Ogawa; Forage preferences of horses 188; C.E. Muller; Section 3: Developments in ensiling techniques 189; The effect of silage harvester type on harvesting efficiency 191; J.P. Frost and R.C. Binnie; Harvesting silage with two types of silage trailer (feed rotor with knives and precision chop) 192; H. Arvidsson and P. Lingvall; The effects of a new plastic film on the microbial and fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass bale silages 193; G. Borreani and E. Tabacco; Section 3: Developments in ensiling techniques; A. Silage fermentation 195; Influence of different alfalfa-grass mixtures and the use of additives on nutritive value and fermentation of silage 197; P. Lattemae and U. Tamm; The effect of neutralising formic acid on fermentation of fresh and wilted grass silage 198; E. Saarisalo and S. Jaakkola; Effects of inoculation of LAB on fermentation pattern and clostridia spores in easily ensilable grass silages 199; J. Thaysen, G. Pahlow and E. Mathies; Effect of biological additives in red clover - timothy conservation 200; A. Olt, H. Kaldmae, E. Songisepp and O. Kart; Application of a new inoculant "Chikuso-1" for silage preparation of forage paddy rice 201; Y. Cai, C. Xu, S. Ennahar, N. Hino, N. Yoshida and M. Ogawa; Synergism of chemical and microbial additives on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) silage fermentation 202; T.F. Bernardes, G.R. Siqueira, R.P. Schocken-Iturrino, A.P.T.P. Roth and R.A. Reis; The influence of the application of a biological additive on the fermentation process of red clover silage 203; L'. Rajcakova, R. Mlynar and M. Gallo; Inoculant effects on ensiling and in vitro gas production in lucerne silage 204; R.E. Muck, I. Filya and F.E. Contreras-Govea. Effects of stage of growth and inoculation on fermentation quality of field pea silage 205; G. Borreani, L. Cavallarin, S. Antoniazzi and E. Tabacco; A novel bacterial silage additive effective against clostridial fermentation 206; E. Mayrhuber, M. Holzer, W. Kramer and E. Mathies; In vitro gas production and bacterial biomass estimation for lucerne silage inoculated with one of three lactic acid bacterial inoculants 207; F.E. Contreras-Govea, R.E. Muck, I. Filya, D.R. Mertens and P.J. Weimer; Correlation between epiphytic microflora and microbial pollution and fermentation quality of silage made from grasses 208; B. Osmane and J. Bluzmanis; Hygienic value nad mycotoxins level of grass silage in bales for horses 209; A. Potkanski, J. Grajewski, K. Raczkowska-Werwinska, B. Miklaszewska, A. Gubala, M. Selwet and M. Szumacher-Strabel; Polyphenol oxidase activity and in vitro proteolytic inhibition in grasses 210; J.M. Marita, R.D. Hatfield and G.E. Brink; The effect of dry matter content and inoculation with lactic acid bacteria on the residual water soluble carbohydrate content of silages prepared from a high sugar grass cultivar 211; D.R. Davies, D.K. Leemans, E.L. Bakewell and R.J. Merry; Using the red clover polyphenol oxidase gene to inhibit proteolytic activity in lucerne 212; R.D. Hatfield, M.L. Sullivan and R.E. Muck; New results on inhibition of clostridia development in silages 213; E. Kaiser, K. Weiss and I. Polip; Ensilability and silage quality of different cocksfoot varieties 214; U. Wyss; Ensiling characteristics of sudangrass silage treated with green tea leaf waste or green tea polyphenols 215; M. Kondo, K. Kita and H. Yokota; Effects of silage preparation and microbial silage additives on biogas production from whole crop maize silage 216; M. Neureiter, C. Perez Lopez, H. Pichler, R. Kirchmayr and R. Braun; A 16S rDNA-based quantitative assay for monitoring Lactobacillus plantarum in silage 217; M. Klocke, K. Mundt, C. Idler, P. O'Kiely, S. Barth; A comparison of the efficacy of an ultra-low volume applicator for liquid-applied silage inoculants with that of a conventional applicator 218; G. Marley, G. Pahlow, H.-H. Herrmann and T.R. Owen; Section 3: Developments in ensiling techniques; B. Aerobic stability 219; Improving the aerobic stability of whole-crop cereal silages 221; I. Filya, E. Sucu and A. Karabulut; Aerobic stability and nutritive value of low dry matter maize silage treated with a formic acid-based preservative 222; I. Filya, E. Sucu and A. Karabulut; Microbial changes and aerobic stability in high moisture maize silages inoculated with Lactobacillus buchneri 223; R.A. Reis, E.O. Almeida, G.R. Siqueira, T.F. Bernardes, E.R. Janusckiewicz and M.T.P. Roth; Effect of residual sugar in high sugar grass silages on aerobic stability 224; G. Pahlow, R.J. Merry, P. O'Kiely, T. Pauly and J.M. Greef; An in vitro study on the influence of residual sugars on aerobic changes in grass silages 225; S.D. Martens, G. Pahlow and J.M. Greef; The effects of the growth stage and inoculant on fermentation and aerobic stability of whole-plant grain sorghum silage 226; E. Tabacco and G. Borreani; Perennial ryegrasses bred for contrasting sugar contents: manipulating fermentation and aerobic stability using wilting and additives (1) (EU FP V-Project 'SweetGrass') 227; P. O'Kiely, H. Howard, G. Pahlow, R. Merry, T. Pauly and F.P. O'Mara. Perennial ryegrasses bred for contrasting sugar contents: manipulating fermentation and aerobic stability of unwilted silage using additives (2) (EU-Project 'SweetGrass') 228; H. Howard, P. O'Kiely, G. Pahlow and F.P. O'Mara; Perennial ryegrasses bred for contrasting sugar contents: manipulating fermentation and aerobic stability of wilted silage using additives (3) (EU-Project 'SweetGrass') 229; H. Howard, P. O'Kiely, G. Pahlow and F.P. O'Mara; The effect of additive containing formic acid on quality and aerobic stability of silages made of endophyte-infected green forage 230; L. Podkowka, J. Mikolajczak, E. Staszak and P. Dorszewski; The effect of acetic acid on the aerobic stability of silages and on intake 231; B. Ruser and J. Kleinmans; Effectiveness of Lactobacillus buchneri to improve aerobic stability and reducing mycotoxin levels in maize silages under field conditions 232; A. Bach, C. Iglesias, C. Adelantado and M.A. Calvo; The effect of Lalsil Dry inoculant on the aerobic stability of lucerne silage 233; J.P. Szucs and Z. Avasi; Section 3: Developments in ensiling techniques C. Nutritive value 235; Ensiling characteristics and ruminal degradation of Italian ryegrass with or without wilting and added cell wall degrading enzymes 237; Y. Zhu, H. Jianguo, Z. He, X. Qingfang, B. Chunsheng and N. Nishino; Quality and nutritive value of grass-legume ensiled with inoculant Lactisil 300 238; J. Jatkauskas and V. Vrotniakiene; Effect of additives in grass silage on rumen parameters in Rusitec 239; A. Potkanski, A. Cieslak, K. Raczkowska-Werwinska, M. Szumacher-Strabel and A. Gubala; The quality and nutritive value of big bale silage harvested from bog meadows 240; H. Zurek, B. Wrobel and J. Zastawny; The aerobic stability and nutritive value of grass silage ensilaged with bacterial additives 241; B. Wrobel and J. Zastawny; Section 3: Developments in ensiling techniques D. Big bale silage production 243; Factors affecting bag silo densities and losses 245; R.E. Much and B.J. Holmes; Transport of wrapped silage bales 246; A.T. Randby and T. Fyhri; Wrapping rectangular bales with plastic to preserve wet hay or make haylage 247; D. Undersander, T. Wood and W. Foster; Bacteria and yeast in round bale silage on a sample of farms in County Meath, Ireland 248; J. McEniry, P. O'Kiely, N.J.W. Clipson, P.D. Forristal and E.M. Doyle; Schizophyllum on baled grass silage in Ireland: national farm survey 2004 249; M. O'Brien, P. O'Kiely, P.D. Forristal and H. Fuller; Bagged silage: Mechanical treatment applied by packing rotor improves fermentation 250; M. Sundberg and T. Pauly; Carbon dioxide permeation properties of polyethylene films used to wrap baled silage 251; C. Laffin, G.M. McNally, P.D. Forristal, P. O'Kiely and C.M. Small; National survey to establish the extent of visible mould on baled grass silage in Ireland and the identity of the predominant fungal species 252; M. O'Brien, P. O'Kiely, P.D. Forristal and H. Fuller; Section 4: Ensilage of tropical forages 253; Effect of ensiling temperature, delayed sealing, and simulated rainfall on the fermentation and aerobic stability of maize silage grown in a sub-tropical climate 255; A.T. Adesogan and S.C. Kim. Effect of different densities on tropical grass silages 256; T.F. Bernardes, R.C. Amaral, G.R. Siqueira and R.A. Reis; Sugarcane silage compared with traditional roughage sources on performance of dairy cows 257; O.C.M. Queiroz, L.G. Nussio, M.C. Santos, J.L. Ribeiro, P. Schmidt, M. Zopollatto, M.C. Junqueira, M.S. Camargo, S.G.T. Filho, L.G. Vieira, M.O. Trivelin, L.J. Mari and D.P. Souza; Moisture control, inoculant and particle size in tropical grass silages 258; S.F. Paziani, L.G. Nussio, D.R.S. Loures, L.J. Mari, J.L. Ribeiro, P. Schmidt, M. Zopollatto, M.C. Junqueiro and A.F. Pedroso; Stability of silage wrapped round bales in Reunion Island 259; P. Grimaud, V. Barbet-Massin, P. Thomas and D. Verrier; Ensilage of tropical grasses and legumes using a small-scale technique 260; M. Delacollette, S. Adjolohoun, R. Agneesens and A. Buldgen; The use of Lactobacillus buchneri inoculation to decrease ethanol and 2,3-butanediol production in whole crop rice silage 261; N. Nishino and H. Hattori; Microorganism occurrence in Tanzania (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) grass silage exposed to the environment 262; R.M. Coan, R.A. Reis, G.R. Garcia, R.P. Schocken-Iturrino and E.D. Contato; Forage variety and maturity on fermentative losses of sugarcane silages added with urea 263; P. Schmidt, L.G. Nussio, C.M.B. Nussio, A.A. Rodrigues, P.M. Santos, J.L. Ribeiro, L.J. Mari, M. Zopollatto, M.C. Santos, O.C.M. Queiroz and D.P. Souza; Effect of moisture on the fermentation and the utilisation by cattle of silages made from tropical grasses 264; M. Niimi, O. Kawamura, K. Fukuyama and S. Sei; Section 5: Chemical and biological characterisation of silages 265; Estimation of legume silage digestibility with various laboratory methods 267; A. Olt, M. Rinne, J. Nousiainen, M. Tuori, C. Paul, M.D. Fraser and P. Huhtanen; Evaluation of prediction equations for metabolisable energy concentration in grass silage used in different energy feeding systems 268; T. Yan and R.E. Agnew; The effect of fermentation quality on voluntary intake of grass silage by growing steers 269; S.J. Krizsan and A.T. Randby; Determination of toxic activity of mould-damaged silage with an in vitro method 270; A. Solyakov and T. Pauly; Butyric acid bacteria spores in whole crop maize silage 271; F. Driehuis and M.C. te Giffel; Effects of the stage of growth and inoculation on proteolysis in field pea silage 272; L. Cavallarin, G. Borreani, S. Antoniazzi and E. Tabacco; Ruminal proteolysis in forages with distinct endopeptidases activities 273; G. Pichard, C. Tapia and R. Larrain; Effects of particle size in forage samples for protein breakdown studies 274; G. Pichard and C. Tapia; A new system for the evaluation of the fermentation quality of silages 275; E. Kaiser and K. Weiss; Prediction of indigestible NDF content of grass and legume silages by NIRS 276; L. Nyholm, M. Rinne, M. Hellamaki, P. Huhtanen and J. Nousiainen; Analysis of silage fermentation characteristics using transflectance measurements by near infrared spectroscopy 277; A. Martinez, A. Soldado, R. Garcia, D. Sanchez and B. de la Roza-Delgado; A simple method for the correction of fermentation losses measured in laboratory silos 278; F. Weissbach; Development of a method for the fast and complete assessment of quality characteristics in undried grass silages by means of an NIR-diode array spectrometer 279; H. Gibaud, C. Paul, J.M. Greef and B. Ruser. Prediction of red clover content in mixed swards by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy 280; B. Deprez, D. Stilmant, C. Clement, C. Decamps and A. Peeters; Keyword index 281; Author index 285.