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1. Introduction. What is an Embedded System? What's Unique About the Design Goals for Embedded Software? What Does "Real-Time" Mean? What Does "Multitasking" Mean? How Powerful Are Embedded Processors? What Programming Languages Are Used? What Is a "Real-Time Kernel"? How Is Building an Embedded Application Unique? How Big Are Typical Embedded Programs? The Software Used in This Book.2. Data Representation. Fixed-Precision Binary Numbers. Binary Representation of Integers. Binary Representation of Real Numbers. ASCII Representation of Text. Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD).3. Getting the Most Out of C. Integer Data Types. Mixing Data Types. Useful Typedefs and Defines. Manipulating Bits in Memory. Manipulating Bits in 1/O Ports. Accessing Memory-Mapped I/O Devices. Structures. Variant Access.4. A Programmer's View of Computer Organization. Memory. The Central Processing Unit (CPU). Input/Output (I/O). Introduction to the Intel Architecture. The Intel Real Mode Architecture. The Intel Protected Mode Architecture. Operand and Address-Size Override Prefixes. The Intel Data Manipulation Instructions.5. Mixing C and Assembly. Programming in Assembly. Register Usage Conventions. Typical Use of Addressing Options. Instruction Sequencing. Procedure Call and Return. Parameter Passing. Retrieving Parameters. Everything is Pass by Value. Temporary Variables.6. Input/Output Programming. The Intel I/O Instructions. Synchronization, Transfer Rate, and Latency. Polled Waiting Loops. Interrupt-Driven I/O. Direct Memory Access. Comparison of Methods.7. Concurrent Software. Foreground/Background Systems. Multithreaded Programming. Shared Resources and Critical Sections.8. Scheduling. Thread States. Pending Threads. Context Switching. Round-Robin Scheduling. Priority-Based Scheduling. Assigning Priorities. Deadlock. Watchdog Timers.9. Memory Management. Objects in C. Scope. Lifetime. Automatic Allocation. Static Allocation. Three Programs to Distinguish Static from Automatic. Dynamic Allocation. Automatic Allocation with Variable Size (alloca). Recursive Functions and Memory Allocation.10. Shared Memory. Recognizing Shared Objects. Reentrant Functions. Read-Only Data. Coding Practices to Avoid. Accessing Shared Memory.11. System Initialization. Memory Layout. The CPU. C Run-Time Environment. System Timer. Interrupt System.Appendix A: Contents of the CD-ROM. Appendix B: The DJGPP C/C++ Compiler. Installation. Compilation. On-Line Documentation (Info).Appendix C: The NASM Assembler. Installation. Running NASM.Appendix D: Programming Projects. Files Required from the CD-ROM for All Applications. Files Required for Nonpreemptive Multithreaded Applications. Files Required for Preemptive Multithreaded Applications. Compiling and Assembling Your Embedded Application. Linking Your Embedded Application. Preparing the Boot Diskette. Running Your Embedded Application.Appendix E: The LIBEPC Library. Memory Layout and Initialization. Display Functions (display.c). Window Functions (window.c). Keyboard Functions (keyboard.c). Speaker Functions (speaker.c). Timer Functions (timer.c, cycles.asm). Interrupt Vector Access Functions (init-idt.c). Dyamic Memory Allocation Functions (heap.c). Fixed Point (fixedpt.asm). Interfunction Jumps (setjmp.asm). Miscellaneous Functions (init-crt.c).Appendix F: The Boot Loader.

xvi, 266 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)

For 2nd year courses in Assembly Language Programming in Computer Science, Embedded Systems Design, Real-Time Analysis, Computer Engineering, or Electrical Engineering curricula. Requires prior knowledge of C, C&#43;&#43;, or Java.

Fundamentals of embedded software : where C and assembly meet