Musician or machine : the player piano and composers of the twentieth century

Introduction

I. The player piano in the early twentieth century. Mechanical musical instruments: Historical overview ; History of the player piano ; The player piano and its operation ; The reproducing piano ; The player piano in popular society ; The player piano and composers of the early twentieth century : Igor Stravinsky ; The Etude pour pianola and Les noces ; Stravinsky's work at Pleyel ; Petrushka (1911-22) ; Stravinsky's neoclassicism and the Pleyela player piano : Paul Hindemith : Ernst Toch : Edward Oswald Schaaf : Percy Grainger. II. The player piano in the second half of the twentieth century. Conlon Nancarrow ; The rediscovery of the player piano ; Nancarrow's instruments ; The music of Conlon Nancarrow ; Nancarrow and live performing traditions : The influence of jazz : The influence of Stravinsky and Bartók : The influence of Renaissance and Baroque music ; Nancarrow's work with the player piano ; After the player piano : György Ligeti ; Ligeti and Nancarrow ; Early works ; The Piano études and Piano concerto

Conclusion ; Appendix: Hindemith's article "Zur mechanischen Musik" (1926) [from Musikantengilde] ; Bibliography