Seeing Reds : federal surveillance of radicals in the Pittsburgh mill district, 1917-1921
During World War I, fear that a network of German spies was operating on American soil justified the rapid growth of federal intelligence agencies. When that threat proved illusory, these agencies, heavily staffed by corporate managers and anti-union private detectives, targeted antiwar and radical labor groups, particularly the Socialist party and the Industrial Workers of the World
eBook, English, ©1997
University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa., ©1997