A synopsis of the lichen genus Xanthoparmelia (Vainio) Hale (Ascomycotina, Parmeliaceae)
Mason E. Hale (Author), Smithsonian Institution Press (Publisher)
A world-level synopsis is presented for Xanthoparmelia with full synonymies, typification of all taxa, species descriptions, and keys. The genus is characterized by the presence of usnic acid in the cortex, a positive lichenin test, oil bodies in the rhizines, saxicolous or terricolous habit, uniform small ellipsoid colorless spores, and bifusiform or rarely cylindrical conidia. The lower surface is rhizinate except in a few species and brown or black. Cilia are lacking. The 406 species occur primarily in southern Africa (212) and Australia (145). Two new species are described: X. greytonensis Hale and X. kasachstania Hale. Four new combinations are made: X. mutabilis (Taylor) Hale, X. perplexa (Stizenberger) Hale, X. sigillata (Brusse) Hale, and X. verecunda (Brusse) Hale. One new name is proposed: X. neopropaguloides Hale
eBook, English, 1990
Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., 1990