Implementing public policy

Author:George C. Edwards

Summary:Abstract: Communication, resources, dispositions and bureaucratic structure contribute to or limit implementation of public policy. Transmission of accurate communications is essential; lack of clarity and consistency cause problems in implementation. Staff, information, authority, and equipment resources are critical to policy implementation. Effects of the attitudes or dispositions of law makers are explored. Organizational structure may assist or hamper implementors; advantages and disadvantages of structural types are included. Types of policies that have experienced problems in implementation are described; prospects for improving implementation (e.g., follow-up, legislative power) are examined. Case studies of US policy illustrate key concepts. (rm)